In prehistoric times, Alsace was inhabited by nomadic hunters. An alternative explanation is from a Germanic Ell-sass, meaning "seated on the Ill", a river in Alsace.
The name Alsace can be traced to the Old High German Ali-saz or Elisaz, meaning "foreign domain". The city is the seat of several international organizations and bodies. The economic and cultural capital of Alsace, as well as its largest city, is Strasbourg, which sits on the contemporary German international border. For more than 300 years, from the Thirty Years' War to World War II, the political status of Alsace was heavily contested between France and various German states in wars and diplomatic conferences. Internal and international migration since 1945 has also changed the ethnolinguistic composition of Alsace. On 1 January 2021, the departments of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the new European Collectivity of Alsace but remained part of the region Grand Est.Īlsatian is an Alemannic dialect closely related to Swabian, although since World War II most Alsatians primarily speak French. Territorial reform passed by the French Parliament in 2014 resulted in the merger of the Alsace administrative region with Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine to form Grand Est. From 1982 to 2016, Alsace was the smallest administrative région in metropolitan France, consisting of the Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin departments. Until 1871, Alsace included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort, which formed its southernmost part. Alsatian culture is characterized by a blend of German and French influences. In January 2023, it had a population of 1,921,014. Alsace ( / æ l ˈ s æ s/, US also / æ l ˈ s eɪ s, ˈ æ l s æ s/ French: ⓘ Low Alemannic German/ Alsatian: Elsàss German: Elsass ⓘ Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.
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